A note on necessary and sufficient conditions for ordering properties of coherent systems with exchangeable components

We give necessary and sufficient conditions based on signatures to obtain distribution‐free stochastic ordering properties for coherent systems with exchangeable components. Specifically, we consider the stochastic, the hazard (failure) rate, the reversed hazard rate, and the likelihood ratio orders. We apply these results to obtain stochastic ordering properties for all the coherent systems with five or less exchangeable components. Our results extend some preceding results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

雷达组网区域性防御区优化部署

对雷达网的费效比、数量、类型方面的优化部署进行了讨论。针对自卫压制式干扰或随队压制式干扰,给出一种采用不同频率的雷达利用不同位置进行优化部署的方法,并利用数据融合技术对这种部署方法进行讨论。     

Shock wave mitigation using zig-zag structures and cylindrical obstructions

The present study focuses on the mitigation of shock wave using novel geometric passages in the flow field. The strategy is to produce multiple shock reflections and diffractions in the passage with minimum flow obstruction, which in turn is expected to reduce the shock wave strength at the target location. In the present study the interaction of a plane shock front (generated from a shock tube) with various geometric designs such as, 1) zig-zag geometric passage, 2) staggered cylindrical obstructions and 3) zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions have been investigated using computational technique. It is seen from the numerical simulation that, among the various designs, the maximum shock attenuation is produced by the zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions which is then followed by zig-zag passage and staggered cylindrical obstructions. A comprehensive investigation on the shock wave reflection and diffraction phenomena happening in the proposed complex passages have also been carried out. In the new zig-zag design, the initial shock wave undergoes shock wave reflection and diffraction process which swaps alternatively as the shock front moves from one turn to the other turn. This cyclic shock reflection and diffraction process helps in diffusing the shock wave energy with practically no obstruction to the flow field. It is found that by combining the shock attenuation ability of zig-zag passage (using shock reflection and diffraction) with the shock attenuation ability of cylindrical blocks (by flow obstruction), a drastic attenuation in shock strength can be achieved with moderate level of flow blocking.     

高超声速滑翔再入飞行器的可达区快速预测

防御方对来袭滑翔再入飞行器进行可达区的预测存在先验信息量不足且时效性要求高等难题。为此提出一种基于最优化飞行假设的可达区快速预测方法:仅需已知目标当前位置、速度与最大升阻比(可基于雷达探测数据通过实时弹道估计获得),基于平衡滑翔假设和最大横程的埃格斯解分别获得目标最大纵程和横程终点坐标,在经纬度二维平面内,可达区即可近似为以两个最大横程终点间线段为短轴、最大纵程终点到短轴距离为半长轴的半椭圆区域。仿真结果表明,与传统的数值优化方法和常倾侧角方法相比,提出的方法具有利用先验信息少、精度较高和运算量小的优点,可满足实时性要求。     

一种新的火炮武器系统射击精度试验方法

射击精度是反应火炮武器系统性能的最重要技术指标,通过对以往射击精度试验中采用的建立在大子样统计理论基础上的传统评定方法进行了分析,对目前采用的序贯截尾原理和方法进行阐述,并指出前两种方法没有利用验前信息,试验次数和试验风险比较大等缺点,由此提出一种新的贝叶斯截尾序贯检验法。这种小样本统计推断方法的基本思想是充分利用已有的验前信息,实现了多阶段试验信息的综合利用,能够减少试验次数,缩短试验周期,节约试验经费。     

基于相参 RCS 距离分布的抗箔条干扰方法

为了提高反舰导弹对抗舰载无源干扰的能力，在分析箔条和舰船相参 RCS（雷达散射截面）距离分布的属性特征及其差异的基础上，研究了利用这种差异对干扰和目标在可分辨情况下进行识别的方法；针对干扰和目标不可分辨情况，提出了通过 RCS 距离分布特性和耦合时移特性的差异来压制干扰、提高信干比的方法。     

铝质壳体弹丸破碎性试验破片回收率研究

针对当前没有铝质壳体弹丸破碎性试验破片回收率标准的现状,进行某型铝质壳体破甲弹破碎性试验,认为破片回收率低的原因是回收过程中破片损失和部分金属铝熔化,并从理论上计算铝质壳体在爆炸破裂过程熔化率,验证试验中破片回收率的合理性。     

PD体制地面情报雷达相关问题研究

中脉冲重复频率的PD体制对于杂波的抑制能力较强,一般应用于机载雷达.目前,地面对空情报雷达为更有效地检测低空目标以及小目标,也采用了PD体制.在分析了杂波重叠和PRF组限制的基础上,对比了M/N准则、检测概率以及盲区图,讨论了采用3/7准则的优越性,该结论对于PD体制雷达的研制和改装有实际的应用价值.     

基于似然比检验的橡胶密封件加速试验机理一致性判别方法

加速退化试验广泛应用于橡胶密封件等长寿命产品的可靠性评估，试验过程中需要将高应力水平下的试验结果外推到正常应力水平。要获得准确的产品可靠性评估结果，需要保证加速应力下的退化失效机理与正常应力下的退化失效机理一致。基于似然比检验原理，提出加速退化试验机理一致性判别方法及流程。针对失效机理一致与失效机理变化两种场合，提出对数线性及非对数线性两类加速模型，并结合混合效应模型描述产品退化过程。利用似然比检验判断加速模型参数是否变化，完成失效机理一致性判别。仿真算例和应用实例表明，该方法能够有效判别橡胶密封件失效机理是否变化，并找到失效机理不变的应力水平边界。     

Dynamic signatures and their use in comparing the reliability of new and used systems

The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]^n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009